Planificación financiera, estructura de costos y rentabilidad en una empresa prestadora de servicios de salud de Perú: análisis de moderación mediante regresión jerárquica OLS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22678104Palabras clave:
Planificación financiera, rentabilidad, estructura de costos, moderación, MYPE, sector salud, PerúResumen
La planificación financiera constituye una herramienta estratégica crítica para la sostenibilidad de las micro y pequeñas empresas (MYPE) del sector salud; sin embargo, su efecto sobre la rentabilidad continúa insuficientemente modelado en el contexto peruano, en particular cuando se incorpora la estructura de costos como factor moderador. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la influencia de la planificación financiera sobre la rentabilidad de la Empresa Prestadora de Servicios de Salud (EPSS) El Nazareno S.R.Ltda. durante el año 2024, y examinar en qué medida la estructura de costos condiciona dicha relación. Se empleó un diseño transversal, no experimental y explicativo, con una muestra censal de N = 45 colaboradores de las áreas administrativa y contable-financiera. Los constructos se operacionalizaron mediante escalas Likert de cinco puntos y se validaron mediante Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC); la prueba de hipótesis se realizó a través de regresión jerárquica por Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios (MCO) con errores robustos HC3, ejecutando cuatro modelos secuenciales en R 4.3. El modelo de medición exhibió ajuste satisfactorio (CFI = 1.00; RMSEA = 0.00; ?² = 42.58, df = 51), confirmando la validez discriminante frente a un modelo unifactorial alternativo (CFI = 0.447; RMSEA = 0.227). La hipótesis H1 fue soportada: la planificación financiera ejerció un efecto positivo y significativo sobre la rentabilidad (? = 0.204, p < .001). La hipótesis H2 fue igualmente soportada: la estructura de costos moderó significativamente esta relación (? de interacción = 0.304, p < .001), elevando la varianza explicada del modelo final a R² = 0.407. El análisis de pendientes simples reveló que el efecto de la planificación financiera fue negativo a bajos niveles de control de costos (? = ?0.08, p = .015), positivo en la media (? = 0.224) y sustancialmente amplificado a altos niveles (? = 0.528). Estos resultados validan empíricamente la Teoría de la Contingencia en el ámbito de las MYPE de salud peruanas y subrayan que la planificación financiera opera como catalizador de la rentabilidad únicamente cuando se articula con un control riguroso de la estructura de costos.
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