Comparative Review of Financial Inclusion in Metropolitan Lima and Arequipa: Lessons for Sustainable Regional Development
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17981726Keywords:
financial inclusion, sustainable regional development, mining royalties, financial literacy, IIFSR indexAbstract
This systematic review examines financial inclusion (FI) in Metropolitan Lima and Arequipa (2010-2023) to draw lessons for sustainable regional development. Based on 68 documents, magnitude, dimensions (access, use, quality, welfare) and determinants of FI are contrasted. Lima reaches 74 % bank accounts and 48 % frequent mobile users, but shows higher concentration and micro-fee complaints. Arequipa, with 61 % accounts and 29 % mobile banking, compensates through cooperative networks and a positive mining-royalty effect (+0.8 pp additional accounts). The gender gap narrows where financial literacy exceeds 60 %. A Sustainable Regional FI Index (IIFSR) is proposed, integrating green products, formal SME employment and parametric insurance to guide the Regional Compensation Fund and international cooperation. Policies must be differentiated: Lima needs cost regulation and fintech competition; Arequipa requires digital infrastructure, cooperative strengthening and financial education. FI can align SDGs 8, 9 and 13 if measured under social and environmental criteria.
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